Acute Female pelvic pain is one the common causes of referral to emergency ward. It has many ethiologies of either Gynaecological or non gynecological causes including normal ovulation, haemorrhagic/ruptured ovarian cyst, Tumour, infarction (leiomyoma), Ovarian torsion, ectopic pregnancy, Tubo-ovarian abscess/PID, Endometriosis, …etc. It also has non-gynaecological causes such as renal stones, appendicitis, diverticulitis, IBD or trauma. It is important to make the precise diagnosis in proper time as some of them are potentially vital and any delay on management may have irreversible sequellas. In this article we discuss the role of US, CT and MRI in evaluation of Acute female pelvis, and how to reach an accurate diagnosis based on patients demographics, Clinical scenario and anatomical abnormality. Also we discuss about the added value of MRI in pregnant patients and pearls and pitfalls of imaging of the Acute female pelvis.

Honey is one of the most important agricultural products, and honey bees have borne many diseases from many long years. This study was done for identifying the honey bee mortality agents in lahijan province. The samples were collected from bee hives. Honey bees were divided by morphological properties in two groups; healthy and ill bees. They were inoculated into Sf9 cell lines for existing of Acute Paralysis Virus (APV). Results showed that, healthy bees (morphologically) did not show any CPE in cell lines, while, the ill ones produced CPE in these cell lines. Then, ill honey bees were evaluated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to this study, all ill honey bees have been infected by APV. But, we could not confirm our results by neutralization test with specific antisera, because they were not purchased. We sprayed the extract of ill honey bees on healthy bees, and it was seen the disease symptoms that it is due to contagious disease and there are external factors to induce the disease. Incidence of APV was evaluated seasonally. Incidence of disease in spring and summer (6 & 10 percent) were higher than autumn and winter (2 & 0 percent). It is showed that, the disease has higher incidence in warm seasons. In the base of virus family (Picornaviridae), it was predictable.